The chemical treatment steel sheet includes a steel sheet, a mat finished Sn plating layer that is provided as an upper layer of the steel sheet and is formed of a β-Sn, and a chemical treatment layer that is provided as an upper layer of the Sn plating layer. The Sn plating layer contains the β-Sn of 0.10 g/m2 to 20.0 g/m2 in terms of an amount of metal Sn. A crystal orientation index of a (100) plane group of the Sn plating layer is higher than crystal orientation indexes of other crystal orientation planes. The chemical treatment layer includes a Zr compound containing Zr of 0.50 mg/m2 to 50.0 mg/m2 in terms of an amount of metal Zr, and a phosphate compound.