Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based devices capable of measuring wall shear stress vectors in three-dimensional aerodynamic flow fields are provided. A device can include a sensor that senses wall shear stress vectors in two in-plane axes and an interface circuit including a modulation section and a demodulation section. The device can be capable of making direct, real-time wall shear stress measurements without any need for using secondary measurements and/or models for validation.