A carbonaceous material, based on the total weight of the carbonaceous material, contains 1-99 wt % of a carbon element, 0.2-60 wt % of a magnesium element, 0.5-60 wt % of an oxygen element and 0.1-40 wt % of a chlorine element. The process for preparing the carbonaceous material include (1) Mixing a solid carbon source, a precursor and water to produce a mixture; wherein said precursor contains a magnesium source and a chlorine source; (2) Drying the resulting mixture obtained in Step (1) to produce a dried mixture; and (3) Calcining the dried mixture obtained in Step (2). The carbonaceous material can be used in catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons.