Computer security vulnerability assessment is performed with product binary data and product vulnerability data that correspond with product identification data. A correspondence between the product binary data and the product vulnerability data is determined, and a binaries-to-vulnerabilities database is generated. The binaries-to-vulnerabilities database is used to scan binary data from a target device to find matches with the product binary data. A known security vulnerability of the target device is determined based on the scanning and the correspondence between the product binary data and the vulnerability data. In some embodiments, the target device is powered off and used as an external storage device to receive the binary data therefrom.