A resin discriminating apparatus includes an X-ray tube which emits X-rays, an X-ray detector which detects X-rays emitted from a sample irradiated with X-rays, a data processing section which creates a spectrum on the basis of a detection signal obtained by the X-ray detector, a peak extraction section which extracts a spectral line due to Compton scattering and a spectral line due to Rayleigh scattering derived from a target element of the X-ray tube on the spectrum, and obtains a peak intensity, and a discrimination section which calculates a scattering intensity ratio which is a ratio of the Rayleigh scattering intensity to the Compton scattering intensity and discriminates the type of resin contained in the sample from the scattering intensity ratio.