Described here are systems and methods for producing high-resolution three-dimensional (“3D”) relaxation parameter maps by calibrating high-resolution 3D magnetic resonance images. As one example, high-resolution longitudinal relaxation time (“T1”) maps can be generated based on images acquired using a T1-weighted pulse sequence, and as another example high-resolution transverse relaxation time (“T2”) maps can be generated based on images acquired using a T2-weighted pulse sequence. The high-resolution images can be calibrated, for example, using a lower resolution single slice relaxation parameter map. The methods described here utilize high-resolution 3D scans and low-resolution relaxation parameter maps that are commonly available on MRI systems. The calibration is a post-processing step used to create the high-resolution 3D relaxation parameter maps from these two types of scans.