A dual authentication system of an electronic locking device using an electronic key according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a receiving unit that receives UID data pre-stored in the electronic key and encoding data generated by an input of a button provided in the electronic key, when a terminal portion provided in a key head of the electronic key is in electrical contact with a data communication unit of the electronic locking device; an authentication unit that performs dual authentication based on the UID data and the encoding data; and a command unit that commands the unlocking of the electronic locking device when the dual authentication on the UID data and the encoding data is successfully performed.