An enhanced encoder system generates residual bitstreams representing additional image information that can be used by an image enhancement system to improve a low quality image. The enhanced encoder system upsamples a low quality image and compares the upsampled image to a true high quality image to determine image inaccuracies that arise due to the upsampling process. The enhanced encoder system encodes the information describing the image inaccuracies using a trained encoder model as the residual bitstream. The image enhancement system upsamples the same low quality image to obtain a prediction of a high quality image that can include image inaccuracies. Given the residual bitstream, the image enhancement system decodes the residual bitstream using a trained decoder model and uses the additional image information to improve the predicted high quality image. The image enhancement system can provide an improved, high quality image for display.