A vehicle identification system includes an acquisition device and a recognition device. The acquisition device is mounted on a first vehicle and includes an acquisition circuit configured to obtain identification information of the first vehicle; and an optical signal transmitting circuit configured to generate and transmit a first optical signal corresponding to the identification information of the first vehicle. The recognition device includes an optical signal receiving circuit configured to receive a first optical signal emitted from the first vehicle, and a recognition circuit configured to determine the identification information of the first vehicle based on the first optical signal. A vehicle identification includes transmitting a first optical signal corresponding to identification information of a first vehicle; and determining the identification information of the first vehicle based on the first optical signal.