Various methods, systems, computer readable media, and graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are presented and described that enable a subject, doctor, or user to characterize or classify various types of cancer precisely. Additionally, described herein are methods, systems, computer readable media, and GUIs that enable more effective specification of treatment and improved outcomes for patients with identified types of cancer. Some embodiments of the methods, systems, computer readable media, and GUIs described herein comprise obtaining RNA expression data and/or whole exome sequencing (WES) data for biological samples; determining a respective plurality of molecular-functional (MF) profiles for a plurality of subjects; clustering the plurality of MF profiles to obtain MF profile clusters; determining a molecular-functional (MF) profile for an additional subject; and identifying, from among the MF profile clusters, a particular MF profile cluster with which to associate the MF profile for the subject.