A shelf transport system comprising a shelf transport vehicle transporting a shelf having shelf legs, the shelf transport vehicle comprising: a distance sensor measuring a distance to an obstacle; a shelf leg candidate detection module detecting shelf leg candidates, which are candidates for the shelf legs; a shelf arrangement candidate calculation module calculating shelf arrangement candidates, in each of which the shelf is virtually arranged on the shelf leg candidates; an excess/deficiency calculation module calculating, for each of the shelf arrangement candidates, the excessive and the deficient number of shelf leg candidates; a shelf arrangement determination module determining a shelf arrangement from among the shelf arrangement candidates based on the excessive and the deficient number of shelf leg candidates; and a movement destination determination module determining a shelf to which the shelf transport vehicle is to be moved based on the shelf arrangement.