A charging roller is configured to charge a surface of an image bearing member configured to bear an image. The charging roller includes: a shaft portion; an elastic layer formed around the shaft portion; and a surface layer formed around the elastic layer, wherein particles having particle diameters within a range of 2 μm or larger and 15 μm or smaller and dispersed in the surface layer, and wherein a reduced peak height Spk (μm), a reduced dale height Svk (μm), and a core height Sk (μm) with respected to the surface layer of the charging roller satisfy 4≤Spk+Sk≤8 and 0.5≤Svk≤1.