Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for performing conflict analysis of replicated changes among nodes in a network A first node and a second node include a first instance and second instance of a data set, respectively. The second node receives a first transaction replicated from the first node, applied to the first instance of the data set. The second node determines a conflict that would occur between the replicated first transaction and a second transaction applied to the second instance of the data set. A conflict policy is applied at the second node to perform a first action in response to determining the conflict. The conflict policy is applied to the first node to perform a second action at the first node to handle the conflict when the first node receives a replication of the second transaction to the second instance of the data set.