Implantable devices including a biocompatible matrix configured for long term location in adipose tissue and a biologically active agent that can be carried by the matrix and delivered to the adipose tissue following implant therein. The biologically active agent can include a modulator or a precursor thereof that can directly or indirectly modify the gene expression of adipose cells, e.g., adipocytes, and thereby modify the presence or quantity of one or more expression products of the adipose tissue that may act locally on distant from the implant site in an endocrine fashion. Modulators can include small molecules (e.g., resveratrol), polynucleotides (e.g., RNAi), or polypeptides (e.g., antibodies or functional fragments thereof).