Disclosed is a method for performing netlist comparison based on a pin connection relationship of a component, comprising the steps: acquiring a schematic diagram netlist file generated by a schematic diagram, and acquiring a PCB netlist file generated by a PCB; reading a network in the schematic diagram netlist file, forming a netlist connection relationship corresponding to each network into a schematic diagram array, all schematic diagram arrays forming a schematic diagram array set; reading a network in the PCB netlist file, forming a netlist connection relationship corresponding to each network into a PCB array, all PCB arrays forming a PCB array set; and comparing the schematic diagram array set with the PCB array set, and outputting differences between the two array sets. The present disclosure merely compares the connection relationship of components. With regard to the condition where a pin connection relationship of an element does not change but a network name changes, occurring during the conversion of different pieces of EDA software, and the present disclosure can effectively guarantee the accuracy of a connection after a schematic diagram and a PCB network are converted. The present disclosure can be widely applied to netlist comparison systems of pin connection relationships of various EDA software components.