A retaining structure-based heat transfer and dissipation system and a wind generator set are provided. The heat transfer and dissipation system includes a envelop enclosure and power transmission cables that are laid along the vertical direction of the inner wall of the envelop enclosure. The power transmission cables are laid in a shady surface region of the envelop enclosure. The system effectively lowers the surface temperature of the power transmission cables in the envelop enclosure, prolongs the service life of the power transmission cables, and ensures the operation safety of power transmission. The over-temperature problem of the power transmission cables in a tower drum of the wind generator set in a high-temperature natural geographical environment is resolved in a “green” and “zero-energy consumption” manner, and the system safety of power transmission is improved.