The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE).The application discloses methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving a preamble based reference signal. The method for transmitting a preamble based reference signal comprises: generating a main preamble sequence; generating an auxiliary preamble sequence, wherein, on a predefined resource, a synthesized signal of the main preamble sequence and the auxiliary preamble sequence is equal to a predefined preamble based reference signal; and transmitting the main preamble sequence and the auxiliary preamble sequence based on a filter-bank multi-carrier modulation. According to the embodiments of the application, the main preamble sequence and the auxiliary preamble sequence are appropriately designed so that the synthesized signal on the predefined resource is equal to the predefined preamble based reference signal. In this way, the predefined reference signal may be obtained at the receiving end by using the intrinsic interference of FBMC modulation, thereby making an efficient channel estimation.