The present disclosure relates to 5G or pre-5G communication systems supporting higher data rates after 4G communication systems like the LTE system. Specifically, the present invention relates to a wireless communication system and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for carrying out downlink and uplink control channel transmissions in a system supporting transmission and reception with a transmission time interval of less than 1 ms. Specifically, the present invention provides definitions for physical channels needed for transmission and reception with a transmission time interval of less than 1 ms, and a method for resource allocation and resource block mapping.