The present invention relates to [1] a colored fine particle dispersion containing colored fine particles and a neutralizing agent, in which the colored fine particles are produced by subjecting a monomer mixture containing an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer to emulsion polymerization in the presence of a pigment; the neutralizing agent contains a water-soluble amine compound; and the colored fine particle dispersion has a pH value of from 6 to 11, and [2] a process for producing a colored fine particle dispersion containing colored fine particles and a neutralizing agent, said process including the step 1 of subjecting a monomer mixture containing an acid group-containing polymerizable monomer to emulsion polymerization in the presence of a pigment to obtain a colored fine particle dispersion (p); and the step 2 of mixing the colored fine particle dispersion (p) and the neutralizing agent containing a water-soluble amine compound to obtain the colored fine particle dispersion having a pH value of from 6 to 11. The colored fine particle dispersion of the present invention is used in a water-based ink so that the resulting water-based ink is excellent in ejection stability upon evaporation of water from the ink system while maintaining excellent storage stability thereof, and it is possible to obtain printed materials that are excellent in alcohol resistance even when printed on a low-water absorbing printing medium.