Systems and methods of detecting marine seismic survey parameters are provided. A data processing system can obtain seismic data from seismic data acquisition units disposed on a seabed responsive to an acoustic signal propagated from an acoustic source through a water column. The data processing system can determine from the seismic data, a direct arrival time for the acoustic signal at each of the plurality of seismic data acquisition units, and can obtain an estimated depth value of each of the plurality of seismic data acquisition units and an estimated water column transit velocity of the acoustic signal. The data processing system can apply a depth model and a water column transit velocity model to the estimated depth value and to the estimated water column transit velocity determine an updated depth value and an updated water column transit velocity for each of the plurality of seismic data acquisition units.