An electrostatic chuck and an electrostatic adsorption apparatus are provided. According to one or more exemplary embodiments, an electrostatic chuck includes: a main body portion including a body portion provided with a through-hole, and a transparent resin portion filled in the through-hole; a transparent cushion layer on the main body portion and covering the transparent resin portion; an electrode layer on the transparent cushion layer; and a dielectric layer on the electrode layer.