This specification provides a method of transmitting an uplink signal based on a codebook in a wireless communication system. More specifically, the method performed by a UE includes receiving, from a base station, downlink control information (DCI) including a first transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI), determining a codebook subset related to the transmission of the uplink signal based on the first TPMI, and transmitting, to the base station, the uplink signal based on the determined codebook subset. Accordingly, there is an advantage in that flexibility in the transmission antenna design of a UE can be increased because the degree of freedom of antenna port selection is increased.