A rubber composition comprises at least one phenol-aldehyde resin based on: at least one aromatic polyphenol comprising at least one aromatic ring bearing at least two —O—H groups in the meta position relative to one another, the two positions ortho to at least one of the —O—H groups being unsubstituted; and at least one aldehyde of formula W: wherein each Ar1 and Ar2 group represents, independently of one another, an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and wherein SP is a connecting group that connects at least the Ar1 and Ar2 groups to one another, SP separating the Ar1 and Ar2 groups by at least 2 covalent bonds.