A lithium secondary battery has a positive electrode, an electrolyte containing lithium ions, and a negative electrode current collector having a surface on which a lithium metal or a lithium alloy is deposited/dissolved. In the surface of the negative electrode current collector, a group comprising at least one region whose principal crystal plane is a close-packed plane of the crystal structure or an off plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the close-packed plane occupies the largest area among three or four groups each comprising at least one region having a principal crystal plane three of whose Miller indices are each represented by 0 or 1 or an off-plane having an off-angle of 20° or less with respect to the principal crystal plane, the principal crystal plane being different for each of the three or four groups.