Provided is an energy storage system coupling phase change material(s) and dissipation heat pipe(s). The energy storage system includes several energy storage units serially connected along a same central axis. Each of the energy storage units includes a heat charge flow channel, an annular heat release passage, and an annular energy storage passage disposed concentrically from inside to outside. A dissipation pulsating heat pipe is disposed in the energy storage unit, and the dissipation pulsating heat pipe includes several pulsating-heat-pipe branches uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction. Each of the pulsating-heat-pipe branches includes an evaporation section located in the heat charge flow channel, a transfer section located in the annular heat release passage, and a condensation section located in the annular energy storage passage, and adjacent pulsating-heat-pipe branches are sequentially in communication through a root port of the evaporation section to enable the entire dissipation pulsating heat pipe to form a closed loop. A phase change material in tight contact with the condensation section is filled in the annular energy storage passage.