System for measuring the position of a mechanical member, which comprises an optical detection system and a positioning track arranged on two mechanical members of a mechanical device. The positioning track is provided with a succession of multiple sectors, each of which comprises a first delimitation section and a second delimitation section spaced from each other, and a first identification section and a second identification section which are provided with a different optical contrast with respect to the first delimitation section and to the second delimitation section. In each sector, the first identification section is delimited between the first delimitation section and the second delimitation section. In addition, the length of the identification sections of each sector is different from the length of the identification sections of each other sector of the succession, so as to unequivocally identify the corresponding sector.