A Bloom filter generation method and apparatus is presented, where the method includes acquiring to-be-combined files, when a quantity of deletion records in the to-be-combined files falls within a false positive permission range, acquiring a Bloom filter of each to-be-combined file, where capacities of Bloom filters of different to-be-combined files are the same, and performing a bitwise OR operation on bit values at same locations in Bloom filters of the different to-be-combined files, in order to obtain a target Bloom filter and use the target Bloom filter as a Bloom filter of a combined file obtained by combining the different to-be-combined files, and hence an amount of calculation processing in Bloom filter generation is reduced, a system resource is reduced, and resource overheads are reduced.