The invention relates to the field of intelligent electronics, and more particularly, to a rapid recognition method and a household intelligent robot. The method, applicable to the household intelligent robot, comprises the steps of: pre-setting a plurality of personal files corresponding to different users; collecting identification information associated with features of the user, and establishing an association between the identification information and the personal file corresponding to the user; the household intelligent robot collecting the features of the user and matching the user features with stored identification information, so as to identify the user; if the user is successfully identified, executing a retrieving step, otherwise, exiting; and the retrieving step comprising retrieving the corresponding personal file according to the identified user, and working according to the personal file.