A method of determining the level of quality of a road from an electronic measurement unit mounted in a wheel of a motor vehicle traveling on the road. The electronic measurement unit includes at least one sensor able to measure the vibrations perceived by the tread of the tire of said wheel. The method includes measuring, using the sensor, the vibrations perceived by the tread of the tire of the wheel, calculating the strength of the vibrations measured at a predetermined vibrational frequency referred to as the distinguishing frequency, comparing the calculated strength with predetermined strength values contained in a table stored in a memory zone, which are characteristic of various road quality levels, and determining the level of quality of the road from the comparison made.