Methods, apparatuses, and systems for implementing error-correction in communication systems, particularly wireless communication systems, are provided. A Polar code-based encoding method combines first and second pluralities of information bits and error-correcting code bits, and a plurality of frozen bits, into an input vector. The input vector is encoded according to a Polar code to produce a first codeword, which improves the probability of successfully transmitting and receiving the codeword over a physical channel in the communication system.