Methods, systems, and computer program products for pre-cooling and pre-heating vehicles using crowd estimation techniques are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes estimating the number of individuals having travelled in a vehicle over sub-routes of a fixed route, learning temporal patterns pertaining to the number of individuals in the vehicle across each of the sub-routes, predicting the number of individuals that will be in the vehicle during the sub-routes based on the patterns, computing an expected amount of time for the vehicle to complete a sub-route and arrive at a location that commences a subsequent sub-route, determining an amount by which the energy required to maintain a temperature range in the vehicle is to be modified prior to the vehicle reaching the location based on said predicting and said computing, and utilizing energy to maintain the temperature range, based on said determining, prior to the vehicle reaching the location.