The present invention relates to methods for identifying markers for systemic sclerosis (also referred to as scleroderma; SSc) and the markers identified with the aid of this method, which can differentiate between SSc and other autoimmune diseases on the one hand and between different SSc subgroups on the other hand. The invention also relates to panels, diagnostic devices, and test kits which comprise these markers, and also to the use and application thereof, for example for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy control of SSc. The invention also relates to methods for screening and for validating active substances for use in SSc subgroups.