A method is provided. The method comprises: injecting an optical carrier signal into an unbent optical waveguide between two reflectors, where the distance between two reflectors in the center of the two reflectors is substantially zero and the two reflectors undergo substantially a π phase shift where the two reflectors are adjacent; creating standing waves between the two reflectors in the center, and a single resonance due to constructive interference; applying a varying electric field across the unbent optical waveguide centered between two reflectors and extending a length less than or equal to a combined length of the two reflectors; and generating a modulated carrier signal at at least one of an input and an output of the unbent optical waveguide between the two reflectors.