Determining a language for speech recognition of a spoken utterance received via an automated assistant interface for interacting with an automated assistant. The system can enable multilingual interaction with the automated assistant, without necessitating a user explicitly designate a language to be utilized for each interaction. The system can determine a user profile that corresponds to audio data that captures a spoken utterance, and utilize language(s), and optionally corresponding probabilities, assigned to the user profile in determining a language for speech recognition of the spoken utterance. The system can perform speech recognition in each of multiple languages assigned to the user profile, and utilize criteria to select only one of the speech recognitions as appropriate for generating and providing content that is responsive to the spoken utterance.