Provided in the present invention are common resource-based data transmission method and device. A communication method according to the present invention comprises: acquiring common resource configuration information; determining, based on the common resource configuration information, an available resource for data transmission; and transmitting data based on the available resource. Another communication method according to the present invention comprises: determining common resource configuration information; sending to one or more terminals the common resource configuration information; and performing, based on the common resource configuration information, data transmission with a first terminal of the one or more terminals. The solutions provided in the present invention enable a terminal to transmit data with no signaling cost or a reduced required signaling cost.