The present invention relates to a wireless access system that supports an unlicensed band, and provides various methods for adjusting a contention window size, methods for determining the time when the adjusted contention window size is applied, methods for distinguishing between a collision and a channel error, and devices for supporting the same. As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for adjusting a contention window size in a wireless access system supporting an unlicensed band may comprise the steps of: performing a channel access procedure; when it is determined through the performed channel access procedure that a serving cell (Scell) in the unlicensed band is in an idle state, transmitting a transmission burst including a downlink signal through the unlicensed band; receiving hybrid automatic repeat and request acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) information corresponding to the transmission burst; and adjusting the CWS using the number of DTX states in the HARQ-ACK information when the transmission burst is scheduled in a self-carrier scheduling scheme.