A method is provided for determining at least one faulty piece of equipment from amongst a plurality of pieces of equipment of an aircraft. A system is also provided that implements the method. The method comprises the steps of reading a plurality of predetermined parameters for monitoring said equipment; defining a list of symptoms associated with said parameters read, using a predetermined correspondence table; attributing a value associated with each symptom according to the parameters read, which value is selected from amongst a predetermined list of values; evaluating for each piece of equipment an occurrence of one or more fault modes for said piece of equipment on the basis of at least one predetermined truth table which associates a fault mode with each combination of symptom values; and determining at least one faulty piece of equipment from amongst one or more pieces of equipment, of which at least one fault mode is currently occurring, referred to as potentially faulty equipment.