A system and method for the detection of foreign object debris materials or defects on and/or under a surface of a composite part under manufacture. A member, for example an inspection gantry, is configured to move over the surface. A thermal excitation source is fixed to the member and is configured to direct infrared radiation across the surface. An infrared camera is also fixed to the member a predetermined distance away from the thermal excitation source and is configured to scan the surface as the member moves over the surface to detect and output scan information of the surface. A controller is coupled to the excitation source and to the infrared camera. The controller is configured to process the scan information from the infrared camera to identify a foreign object debris material or defect located on and/or under the surface.