An X-ray imaging system includes an X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus and an image processing apparatus. The image processing apparatus generates reconstruction images from the moire image taken by the X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus. The reconstruction images include a differential phase image, an absorption image and a small-angle scattering image. The X-ray imaging system performs X-ray Talbot imaging and normal X-ray imaging. X-ray Talbot imaging includes setting an exposure energy of the X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus to a first exposure energy and taking the moire image with the X-ray detector. Normal X-ray imaging includes setting the exposure energy of the X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus to a second exposure energy and taking an absorption contrast image with the X-ray detector by normal X-ray imaging.