Instrumentation and methods are provided for orthopedic surgery, including bone distraction. The application describes a bone distraction system that can be used to both distract and retract, or increase and decrease, a gap between first and second bone segments. The instrumentation can include any one of, or any combination of, a distractor, a ratchet, a first footplate, a second footplate, a first torque application instrument, and a second torque application instrument.