An image acquisition apparatus includes a color filter on which a plurality of types of color filter elements are arranged, an optical path modulation optical element configured to shift an incident position of an image on the color filter by electrically modulating an optical path of the image, and a photoelectric conversion cell array configured to acquire image information for each color by detecting, in pixel units, light which has passed through the color filter. A color image is obtained by acquiring, in a time division manner, the image information for each color of the image of which a position is changed by the optical path modulation optical element by using a detection signal of the photoelectric conversion cell array, and combining the acquired image information for each color.