Embodiments of a method and/or system (e.g., for microsatellite instability detection associated with at least one cancer condition; etc.) can include: determining a microsatellite-related background model; determining one or more loci associated with microsatellite instability based on the microsatellite-related background model; and/or determining a microsatellite instability characterization (e.g., a binary status determination between microsatellite instability such as MSI-H, and microsatellite stability such as MSS; etc.) for the user. Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the method and/or system can include facilitating treatment provision for one or more users based on the microsatellite instability characterization.