A self-generating positioning detector using wheel rotation, comprising a positioning detection unit arranged at a vehicle hub and a power supply unit, wherein the positioning detection unit comprises a positioning module, a wireless communication module and a temperature sensor, the power supply unit comprises an electric generator having a hub-driven rotor and a stator rotating relatively; the input ends of the positioning module and the temperature sensor are electrically communicated with the output end of the electric generator, and the output ends of the positioning module and the temperature sensor are electrically communicated with the input end of the wireless communication module. The self-generating positioning detector using wheel rotation can conduct real-time positioning and monitoring for vehicles without power supply, detect temperature of wheel axles during running, and generate power for the positioning detection unit. The detector has a simple structure and is convenient to install.