Presented systems and methods facilitate efficient and effective monitoring of particle beams. In some embodiments, a system comprises a primary particle beam generator that generates a primary particle beam, and a monitoring component that monitors the primary particle beam. The monitoring component comprises: a reaction component that is impacted by the primary particle beam, wherein results of an impact include creation of secondary photons; a detection component that detects a characteristic of the secondary photons; and a primary particle beam characteristic determination component that determines a characteristic of the primary particle beam based upon the characteristic of the secondary photons. The characteristic of the primary particle beam can include a radiation dose measurement and dose rate. The reaction component can include a foil component. A resolution time of less than a nano second can be associated with detecting the secondary photon characteristic.