Asynchronous file tracking may include a first process that adds files to a cache and that generates different instances of a tracking file to track the files as they are entered into the cache. A second process, executing on the device, asynchronously accesses one or more instances of the tracking file at a different rate than the first process generates the tracking file instances. The second process may update a record of cached files based on a set of entries from each of the different instances of the tracking file accessed by the second process. Each set of entries may identify a different set of files that are cached by the device. The second process may then purge one or more cached files that satisfy eviction criteria while the first process continues to asynchronously add files to the cache and create new instances to track the newly cached files.