There is provided a core of a boiling water reactor that can be operated without loading a new fuel assembly at an operation cycle before decommissioning. The core of the boiling water reactor includes multiple fuel assemblies loaded in a square lattice shape. The multiple fuel assemblies are arranged in the core based on the number of residence cycles of fuel assemblies laterally adjacent and longitudinally adjacent to a fuel assembly having the shortest loading period in core cross section. The arrangement of fuel assemblies is also based on the number of residence cycles of fuel assemblies diagonally adjacent to the fuel assembly having the shortest loading period.