Devices for removing clot material from a blood vessel lumen and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. A clot retrieving device may include, for example, an elongated shaft, a capture structure having a proximal portion and a distal portion, and a cover having a first portion coupled to the elongated shaft and a second portion extending from the first portion. The cover may have an inverted configuration in which the capture structure is at least partially ensheathed within the first portion of the cover and the second portion of the cover extends distally from the first portion. In the inverted configuration, the second portion may have (a) a first region distal to a distal terminus of the capture structure, the first region tapering radially inwardly in a distal direction, and (b) a second region extending distally and radially outwardly from the first region.