Technologies for encrypted data access by field-programmable gate array (FPGA) user kernels include a computing device having an FPGA and an external memory device accessible by the FPGA. The FPGA includes a secure key store, a micro-encryption engine, and multiple slots for user kernels that are each identifiable with an index. A user kernel is programmed at an index and a symmetric encryption key is provisioned to the secure key store at the index. The micro encryption engine may read encrypted data from the external memory device, decrypt the encrypted data with the key associated with the index of the user kernel, and forward plain text data to the user kernel. The micro encryption engine may also receive plain text data from the user kernel, encrypt the plain text data with the key, and write the encrypted data to the external memory device. Other embodiments are described and claimed.