Methods and apparatus to authenticate and differentiate virtually identical resources using session chaining are disclosed. In response to a session request from at least one of a management device or a resource, example methods and apparatus locate a session chain stack associated with an identifier of the at least one of the management device or the resource, and determine whether a first nonce at a top of the session chain stack associated with the identifier of the at least one of the management device or the resource is equal to a second nonce associated with the session request from the at least one of the management device or the resource. Upon determining that the nonce at the top of the session chain stack associated with the identifier of the at least one of the management device or the resource is equal to the second nonce, example methods and apparatus initiate a session between the management device and the resource, and re-negotiate the second nonce between the management device and the resource to generate a third nonce.