In representative embodiments, architectures to improve security through use of an anomaly score are disclosed. A set of cryptographic key material is used to create a model based on a dimensionality reduction and a density estimation that captures the expected behavior of the set of cryptographic key material. An anomaly score for presented cryptographic key material is calculated based on the model. The anomaly score represents the divergence from expectations for the presented cryptographic key material. The anomaly score can be used by a relying system to determine whether to trust the presented cryptographic key material. In this way, cryptographic key material that is valid can be tested to determine whether the cryptographic key material should be trusted even though it is valid.